Simple Grade Computation System (Data Flow Diagram)

DFD Activity

Make a DFD for a simple grade computation system where there is a teacher computes the grades of his/her student. The students may have 1 or more subject and the teacher may handle 1 or more subjects; The students pass their requirements (such as quizzes and assignments) to the teacher before he/she computes their grade and encodes them to the registrar. The status of the student is changed depending on their grade.

Hint

-There are approximately only 2 entities in the problem. Pretty easy huh?

-Everyone has their own way of thinking; don’t think you’re doing it wrong just because others have a different DFD.

Simple ATM Machine System (Use Case Diagram)

Entity Relationship Diagram (Car Rental and Student Monitoring)

Problem 1

A database is to be designed for a Car Rental Co. (CRC). The information required includes a description of cars, subcontractors (i.e. garages), company expenditures, company revenues and customers. Cars are to be described by such data as: make, model, year of production, engine size, fuel type, number of passengers, registration number, purchase price, purchase date, rent price and insurance details. It is the company policy not to keep any car for a period exceeding one year. All major repairs and maintenance are done by subcontractors (i.e. franchised garages), with whom CRC has long-term agreements. Therefore the data about garages to be kept in the database includes garage names, addressees, range of services and the like. Some garages require payments immediately after a repair has been made; with others CRC has made arrangements for credit facilities. Company expenditures are to be registered for all outgoings connected with purchases, repairs, maintenance, insurance etc. Similarly the cash inflow coming from all sources - car hire, car sales, insurance claims - must be kept of file.CRC maintains a reasonably stable client base. For this privileged category of customers special credit card facilities are provided. These customers may also book in advance a particular car. These reservations can be made for any period of time up to one month. Casual customers must pay a deposit for an estimated time of rental, unless they wish to pay by credit card. All major credit cards care accepted. Personal details (such as name, address, telephone number, driving licence, number) about each customer are kept in the database.

Problem 2

A database is to be designed for a college to monitor students' progress throughout their course of study. The students are reading for a degree (such as BA, BA(Hons) MSc, etc) within the framework of the modular system. The college provides a number of module, each being characterized by its code , title, credit value, module leader, teaching staff and the department they come from. A module is co-ordinated by a module leader who shares teaching duties with one or more lecturers. A lecturer may teach (and be a module leader for) more than one module. Students are free to choose any module they wish but the following rules must be observed: some modules require pre-requisites modules and some degree programmes have compulsory modules. The database is also to contain some information about students including their numbers, names, addresses, degrees they read for, and their past performance (i.e. modules taken and examination results).

Software, Hardware and Networks

Activity 5 - Software, Hardware and Networks Answer the following questions:

1. Which would you rather have—a handheld computer or a tablet computer? Why?

            - it is very common that all things must have their own differences it is to ensure that the user will be having choices on what fits to their personality and what makes them comfortable. With the use of handheld computer and tablet computer, they are very useful in their own way. But what’s best for me is the handheld computer with the main reason of even if it is small it functions like a normal computer. The only advantage of the tablet is that it is touch screen and its advantage is that the application and software that you can be able to use are very limited. The handheld computer can do everything what a tablet computer can do but the tablet cannot do everything what a handheld can do.

2. If cost were not an issue, describe the characteristics of your ideal computer. What would you use it for? Which operating system would you want it to run?

            - the operating system that I will be using will still be Windows. What I wanted to have first is a very fast computer that will eliminate waiting time in using any kinds of applications, software and transactions and an unlimited storage.

3. Define Software as a Service. Discuss some of the pros and cons of using software as a service.

            - Software as a service is typically known as a service provider. It gives an access on particular software and its function in a web-based service. It is useful in a way that it has a very strong usability, since it can be used through a web-based you can be able to use it anytime and anywhere you want as long as you have the proper equipment but one of its problems is that it demands payment and an internet connection. It is expensive that you are still investing a cost every time you will use it.

 4. Why is an organization that employs centralized processing likely to have a different management decision-making philosophy than an organization that employs distributed processing?

            - I think in using a centralized processing, it is a need to employ different management decision-making to be able to separate and consist different results that can be evaluated as a basis for letting that decision be recorded in the database. While distributed processing comes from different sources they can be able to have different decisions that will be very useful for their evaluation.

 5. Social networks are being widely used today. Describe how this technology could be used in a business setting. Are there any drawbacks or limitations to using social networks in a business setting?

            - as what I have observed, almost all people are very much reliable on what the technology could offer whether it is about the business, health, sports, news and even their social life. It is very effective now as a means of business because what tends to trend will grasp the interest of an individual. It is very useful as an advertisement with just a few steps you can be able to expose and spread a business without even noticing that you are not investing too much or acquiring a big capital. But still it has a limitation most especially when it comes to its security, reliability and of course the expenses on acquiring internet connection, aside from that, today, it not yet being undergone a thorough discussions in terms of legality.

6. One of the key issues associated with the development of a Web site is getting people to visit it. If you were developing a Web site, how would you inform others about it and make it interesting enough that they would return and tell others about it?

            - I have to consider what the trends are when it comes to their interest. The first factor that could perceive people’s attention is the content and purpose of your site. It needs to be reliable, correct, precise and entertaining. The web site that I will be making must be attractive, simple yet elegant. The physical interface must be accordingly designed for the ease of use, well organized and understandable since it is the very first thing that the visitor could see and notice. Through that, the viewers will be very excited and proud to share to others what they have discovered during their visit in your web site.

ERD IN CLASS ACTIVITY

ERD IN CLASS ACTIVITY

1. a professor teaches zero, one or many classes and a class is taught by one professor
2. a course may generate zero, one or many classes and a class comes from one course
3.  a class is held in one room but a room has many classes 

Student Enrollment System - waterfall and scrum method

WATERFALL METHOD

Requirements – this is the very first phase in the waterfall method. This is where the requirements and specification of the system must be recorded and gathered through documentation. In a Student Enrollment System, what is being asked in this phase is that all of the needed data such as transactions, processes, operations, logical aspects and manipulation.

Design – after knowing what are the exact data that has been gathered it will be transformed into information. And this information will now be used as a basis on how you are going to design your system. In the same manner, in a student enrollment system, your design must be derived and compatible to the specification of the one who requested the system like the formation and positioning of the interface, the first overview when the system is being launched, what are the transactions and how it will be implemented and also the gathering of the inputs that will be coming from the user.

Implementation - when the designing is being done it will now proceed to actual programming in which the system is being tested. The Student Enrollment System will now be launched to the department which it will be used.

Verification – after being implemented and tested, it will now undergo thorough evaluation if the system that was being created and programmed reaches the same specification as what is being required. It will test the system if the input of the user is valid or invalid and as well as the sequencing of the transactions. There will also be an evaluation for the proper prompting during and between implemented transactions.

Maintenance – since the whole system is now being created, run and evaluated it will now undergo to its maintenance which falls to the requirement of not just sustaining but upgrading what is being needed for the system to be useful. In a system for student enrollment there will be instances that the transactions will change. In this manner the system must be updated to maintain its proper and correctness of its use.

SCRUM METHOD

Using Scrum Method in Student Enrollment System:

                This might be very useful most especially to a company or group of people whom considering teamwork as their means in creating an effective project. Since we are about to create a System for Student Enrollment, the tasks are being divided accordingly to the different expertise of every department.

Preparation – Since this will be the very first phase of the method, the concept of the transactions and processes of the student enrollment must be analyzed. This will allow you to identify what are the functions must be conducted in the system like the need of gathering of data, registration, evaluation, subject and section assignments, designing of the system architecture and many things to consider. After knowing all about the system requirements and specification, you can now identify the cost and also how long will it take for this system to be successfully implemented.

Scrum Process – being able to know the system very well, it will be easy for the people who will create and program the system. You will be undergoing development of the said system including on considering the usability and correctness of the flow of the Student Enrollment System. After that it will now be undergoing test to evaluate if the system meets its specific requirements which will be very critical for the conditioning and defining the proper ability of the system. It is being evaluated also to review the system. Reviewing will lead to adjusting if there is/are errors and mistakes in the system this will allow to reprogram.

Release – the implementation of the system will be happened in this phase. The system will now be used by the personnel who will conduct the enrollment. If there will still errors, it will be debugged in order to get the desired system for enrolling students. The implementation will be very useful to know the actual performance of the system.

Hospital System (Entity Relationship Diagram)

Example 2

A General Hospital consists of a number of specialized wards (such as Maternity, Paediatry, Oncology, etc). Each ward hosts a number of patients, who were admitted on the recommendation of their own GP and confirmed by a consultant employed by the Hospital. On admission, the personal details of every patient are recorded. A separate register is to be held to store the information of the tests undertaken and the results of a prescribed treatment. A number of tests may be conducted for each patient. Each patient is assigned to one leading consultant but may be examined by another doctor, if required. Doctors are specialists in some branch of medicine and may be leading consultants for a number of patients, not necessarily from the same ward.